Impact of Niobium on Lithium - Titanate Anode Materials of Lithium-ion Batteries

Abstract

Effect of the Nb5+ substitution at the expense of Ti on the lithium titanate (LTO) anode materials
of lithium ion materials has been carried out having the chemical composition Li4Ti5-xNbxO12 (x=0,
0.0125, 0.025). These materials are synthesized by solid state reaction method, which calcinated for 20
hours at 800 °C. A systematic presentation of the results relating to the structural, morphological,
vibrational bonding nature and impedance of the anode materials are investigated through TG/DTG, X-ray
diffraction (XRD), SEM with EDS and FT-IR techniques. The observed diffraction peaks show agreement
with the ordered LTO cubic spinel structure belonging to the Fd-3m space group. The synthesized
compounds are quite large up to around 1 ?m in diameter and the grain size had a wide distribution range.
EDS is used to identify the elements. All the vibrational bands are shifted as a function of doping
concentration (x). The FTIR spectra show that the oxide lattice structure comprises of MO6 tetrahedra and
octahedra