An Improved Path Planning TMBR Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

growing Internet of Things (IoT). Recent days its implementations are immense in diverse applications from environmental to military etc. The significant problem still WSN facing is energy scarcity.  These long marks times functioning and energy-saving are essential while designing WSN structure and protocols. Several scholars have done considerable research in overcoming these issues. But still, the problem of energy scarcity in WSN exists. This paper proposed an advanced TMBR (Token Management Based Routing) protocol for achieving reliable routing. The proposed scheme consists of a token system that enhances the energy level by providing reliable routing. The token system consists of a token manager who undergoes monitoring and controlling the whole network. The network node activities and properties, including node location, speed, and energy information, are collected by issuing the tokens. This information is updated in the cooperative member list and informs the token manager in every instance.

Further, the token manager finds the shortest path based on the collected information and transfers the packets. The proposed routing system overcomes link breakage and enables stable path routing. To ensure the adequate energy level of neighboring nodes broadcasting process of Ack-free Hello packets is done initially. Experimental work is carried out with the Ns-2 simulator on determining the performance of the proposed scheme. A comparison work is conducted with the existing methods CMBCH (cluster manager-based cluster head selection) [12] and Multi-Token Based MAC-Cum-Routing Protocol [13]. The obtained results prove our proposed TMBR is more energy efficient in achieving packet delivery ratio and minimum end-to-end delay than the others. 

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), Token System, end-to-end delay, energy level, packet delivery ratio, and routing.